As someone who specializes in workplace safety, I’ve encountered a multitude of safety systems meant to protect employees and property from potential hazards. Among these, fire alarm systems stand out as one of the most essential tools in any safety protocol. Prompt, effective response to a potential fire threat can mean the difference between minor damage and irreparable loss.
Today we are going to explore the diverse range of fire alarm systems available, scrutinizing their unique features and functionality.
- Conventional Fire Alarm Systems: These are the basic systems that send out alerts during emergencies.
- Addressable Fire Alarm Systems: These advanced systems are capable of pinpointing the exact location of a fire.
- Hybrid Fire Alarm Systems: Combining conventional and addressable elements, these systems provide both broad and specific alerts.
- Wireless Fire Alarm Systems: Wireless alarms offer versatility and ease of installation with high functionality.
- Optical Detector Fire Alarms and Ionisation Smoke Alarms: These systems detect different types of fires through smoke detection methods.
- Heat Detector Fire Alarms: For particularly dangerous environments, these alarms trigger when a certain temperature threshold is crossed.
- Carbon Monoxide Fire Alarm Systems: In addition to detecting fires, these systems alert to dangerous levels of carbon monoxide gas.
The variety of fire alarm systems on the market provides a range of options suited to different business needs and situations.
A Closer Look at Fire Alarm Systems
The right fire alarm system can drastically reduce harm and damage during an incident by providing timely alerts.
Weighing up your facility’s unique needs against the capabilities of different systems is key to selecting the best one.
Remember, a sound investment in a good fire alarm system can save not only lives and property but also significant financial loss in the long run.
Always ensure that your chosen system is diligently maintained and tested regularly for optimal performance.
Contents
- 1. Conventional Fire Alarm Systems
- 2. Addressable Fire Alarm Systems
- 3. Hybrid Fire Alarm Systems
- 4. Wireless Fire Alarm Systems
- 5. Intelligent Fire Alarm Systems
- 6. Optical Detector Fire Alarms
- 7. Ionisation Smoke Alarms
- 8. Heat Detector Fire Alarms
- 9. Carbon Monoxide Fire Alarm Systems
- 10. Manual Call Point Alarms
- Alarming Choices
1. Conventional Fire Alarm Systems
The common depiction of fire alarms in movies is usually American style ‘pull stations.’
In reality, systems like the Australian Manual Call Points or Break Glass Alarms offer similar functionality.
These are components of a larger system known as the Fire Indicator Panel (FIP).
Understanding Collective Systems
A Collective Fire Alarm System includes circuits with detectors connected parallelly.
Once a detector alarms, the entire panel receives the signal.
This occurs when current increases in the circuit as a result of one detector’s operation.
Addressable Fire Alarm Systems
Alternatively, an Addressable Fire Alarm System also comprises parallel circuits.
The difference lies in the unique identification given to each detector within the circuit.
Detection Sophistication
Modern detectors might include an alarm status indication, typically a light-emitting diode (LED).
This advancement improves fire detection by monitoring environmental factors, including combustion by-products.
Limits & Benefits
A major limitation of collective systems is the panel’s inability to identify each detector’s status within the circuit.
Addressable systems circumvent this issue, producing more accurate results and reducing false alarms caused by contamination over time.
2. Addressable Fire Alarm Systems
The addressable fire alarm systems possess superior functionality yet are cost-efficient to install.
Their distinguishing factor from conventional systems is the communication method between devices and control panels.
The panel receives status reports from each device, narrowing down the location of any smoke or fire hazard.
- Cost Efficiency: While these systems might cost more upfront, their precision in detecting fires reduces potential fire damage costs.
- False Alarm Reduction: Addressable systems are less likely to signal false alarms, minimizing unnecessary expenses.
- Detailed Information: They provide exhaustive data on alarm locations, making them a preferred choice for larger premises.
- Reliability: Their capability to decrease false alarms makes them more dependable than traditional fire alarm panels.
Addressable fire alarm kits simplify installation and upgrade processes. They include control panels, detectors, manual call points, sounders, and other necessary components.
The choice of your fire alarm system affects how quickly and accurately fires can be extinguished. Addressable systems pinpoint the exact location of a fire, which is vital in saving lives and resources.
3. Hybrid Fire Alarm Systems
Hybrid fire alarm systems may not be explicitly mentioned in many portfolios, such as that of C-TEC.
However, these systems could blend the best elements of both conventional and addressable alarms.
Pioneering engineering in alarm technology has seen the development of several remarkable devices.
- C-TEC’s Super-Enhanced CFP 2-8 Zone Fire Alarm Panel: This device is certified to EN54 standards and features like zone testing and fault relay.
- ActiV Fire Detectors: Certified to EN54-5/7, these come in various types including optical, fixed heat, rate-of-rise, and multi-sensor variants.
- ActiV Audio Visual Alarm Devices: These devices provide up to 100dBA sound output and highly efficient light output, certified to EN54 standards.
- Power Supplies: Digital hybrid power supplies control various devices in fire alarm systems. They are certified by LPCB/VDS.
Such advances could potentially make it possible for hybrid systems to exist and effectively safeguard workspaces against fires.
These would provide a comprehensive, adjustable solution for diverse building layouts.
A mix of conventional and addressable alarms could offer an optimal solution that is both cost-effective and efficient.
The industry’s innovative strides suggest that a hybrid fire alarm system might soon be a reality, bringing together the best of both worlds.
4. Wireless Fire Alarm Systems
What are the key features of SWIFT wireless fire alarm systems?
The remarkable features of SWIFT systems include their wireless network capability and their keen fire detection response.
Intriguingly, these detectors provide installation flexibility in a wireless format.
How do SWIFT wireless detectors respond to fire?
SWIFT detectors react promptly to fire like other traditional wired systems. Their robust technology ensures the safety of your property.
What are the benefits of a wireless system over a wired one?
A remarkable advantage of a wireless system like SWIFT is its installation flexibility. It can be positioned anywhere without complex wiring demands.
Which panels do SWIFT detectors integrate with?
SWIFT detectors seamlessly integrate with NOTIFIER ONYX series panels via the advanced SWIFT gateway (FWSG).
Where can I find more detailed information about these systems?
Detailed specifications about these state-of-the-art systems can be found elsewhere, such as in brochures, data sheets, and engineering specifications. These resources are excellent sources of vital information.
Are there any case studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of these systems?
Yes, there are case studies available that vouch for the efficiency and dependability of these systems such as the SWIFT World Ski Championships Case Study.
What is a commercial wireless fire detection system?
A commercial wireless fire detection system like SWIFT utilizes a robust mesh network to ensure rapid fire detection and response.
5. Intelligent Fire Alarm Systems
Edwards is renowned for their advanced life safety panel technology, appropriate for a broad scope of industries and facility types. Their systems are designed to keep up with evolving fire safety standards.
Flexible and Scalable Systems
Their systems can be adjusted and tailored to various facility types and sizes. They offer ease of integration with existing infrastructure and can be expanded or downsized as needed.
Highly Intelligible Mass Notification
Edwards’ intelligent fire alarm systems include potent HyperSpike speakers for clear incident management. This feature ensures accurate communication during emergencies.
Progressive Detection Capabilities
Their systems incorporate innovative solutions like Signature Optica’s patented optical sensing which helps reduce false alarm rates. Advanced detection devices are designed to minimize nuisance alarms.
In an era of connected solutions, these alarm systems allow real-time data tracking and remote diagnostics. This capability enables remote monitoring and seamless system updates.
Edwards designs their systems to support legacy solutions, thereby safeguarding previous investments. These systems can be scaled for a wide range of facilities, ensuring compatibility and convenience.
A highlight in the features of these intelligent fire alarm systems is their enhanced cybersecurity. Edwards prioritizes security in its contemporary designs, addressing new cyber threats in a connected environment while protecting against unauthorized access or system breaches.
6. Optical Detector Fire Alarms
Let’s delve into optical detector fire alarms. Their functionality hinges on a built-in light source and sensor inside a chamber.
When smoke particles enter this chamber, they scatter the light to the sensor, setting off the alarm.
- Instant responsiveness to smoldering fires: These fires generate smaller smoke particles that optical detectors pick up easily.
- Fewer false alarms: They are less likely to be falsely triggered by environmental factors like dust or steam.
- Suitable for high-ceiling areas: These detectors work best in open spaces or rooms with high ceilings.
- High false alarm risk areas: In places like kitchens or bathrooms, where false alarms are common, these detectors can be particularly helpful.
However, optical detectors have a higher cost compared to other fire detection devices. Additionally, they require regular maintenance and cleaning to remain effective.
In terms of installation, it is important the detector’s orientation isn’t too high or low for optimal smoke detection. It should also be installed away from obstacles like beams or shelves that could obstruct smoke particles.
- Maintenance involves regular cleaning: To ensure the detector works efficiently, the optical chamber must be kept clean and free from obstructions or debris.
- Battery checks: Regular battery testing for battery-powered optical detectors ensures constant functionality of the system.
Critical information to consider is their need for compliance with British Standards BS 5839-1: 2019 Fire Detection and Fire Alarm Systems for Buildings, as outlined in the FPA resource here.
Optical detector fire alarms, though more expensive and needing regular maintenance, are beneficial for their high sensitivity to smoldering fires and fewer false alarms.
7. Ionisation Smoke Alarms
Ionisation smoke alarms are equipped with a minimal radioactive source. They swiftly detect rapid flames and trace amounts of smoke.
Historically, these devices have been suggested for installation on landings and hallways.
However, their suitability is challenged when placed near kitchens or bathrooms as cooking fumes and steam could trigger false alarms.
It’s advisable to use optical smoke detectors in such locations, known for their fewer false alerts.
The technology behind ionisation alarms involves using radioactive material in the sensor that senses smoke particles in the air.
| Alarms | Sensitive To | Suitable Locations |
|---|---|---|
| Ionisation Smoke Alarms | Puffs of Smoke | Landings, Hallways |
| Optical Smoke Alarms | Fumes, Steam | Kitchens, Bathrooms |
| Ei Electronics Alarms | Fumes, Smoke | All Areas |
| Kidde Alarms | Fumes, Steam, Smoke | All Areas |
| Safelincs Alarms (Non-Ionising) | Fumes, Steam, Smoke | All Areas except near cooking appliances and showers |
This table provides a comparative perspective of various alarm types and their recommended placement.
The manufacture and transportation of ionisation alarms pose issues due to the radioactive element. Also, they cause an environmental concern upon incorrect disposal.
Optical smoke alarms’ technology has progressed enough to be a viable alternative to ionisation alarms without the potential hazards associated with radioactivity.
Safelincs no longer sells ionisation smoke alarms, instead recommending the purchase of optical smoke alarms.
Products from Ei Electronics and Kidde are viable options in this regard.
The whole fire safety industry is gradually phasing out ionisation smoke alarms.
8. Heat Detector Fire Alarms
Heat detector fire alarms are designed with innovative thermistor sensing circuits. This technology allows for precise temperature detection, a crucial component for property protection.
The FST-851 model is a Fixed Temperature Thermal Detector, typically paired with ONYX Series panels. It monitors for a fixed temperature, alerting you when the set limit is surpassed.
- Sophisticated technology: The use of an intelligent thermistor sensing circuit ensures highly accurate monitoring.
- Fixed Temperature Detector: Models such as FST-851 activate an alarm when the temperature reaches 135°F.
- Rate-of-Rise Detector: Models like FST-851R analyze the rate at which the temperature increases to detect potential fire threat.
- High-Temperature Detector: Certain models like FST-851H are programmed to trigger an alarm upon reaching high temperatures up to 190°F.
Intelligent or addressable detectors, such as these, offer point ID capability. This feature aids in setting each detector’s address using rotary address switches and provides the exact location of each detector.
The heat detectors come with detailed data sheets. These documents contain valuable information about the type, size, and other specifications of these devices, proving useful for both beginners and experts alike.
Featuring reliable designs and efficient performance, heat detectors can play a vital role in ensuring safety against sudden fire outbreaks in your premises. Be sure to conduct regular maintenance checks to ensure their optimal functionality.
9. Carbon Monoxide Fire Alarm Systems
The Kidde KN-COSM-IBA sets the bar high as a combo smoke and carbon monoxide detector with an intelligent sensor technology.
This device integrates an ionization smoke sensor and an electrochemical carbon monoxide (CO) sensor to detect various hazards.
The CO area of this device is configured to alert you within time frames, depending on the level of carbon monoxide detected.
| CO Concentration | Alarm Duration |
|---|---|
| 70 PPM | 60-240 minutes |
| 150 PPM | 10-50 minutes |
| 400 PPM | 4-15 minutes |
| Source: Kidde Product Specifications | |
This gives you ample time to act accordingly and stay safe.
Kidde’s hardwired combination fire alarm also features a handy battery backup and voice alert for heightened safety.
You can connect it with 24 other Kidde devices for a comprehensive safety network in your home or office.
A different model, the Kidde P3010CU, offers a lithium battery that can last up to 10 years for your convenience.
The unit incorporates a photoelectric smoke sensor as well as an electrochemical CO sensor to ensure full-range protection.
The Kidde P4010ACSCO, on the other hand, offers single gang electrical box or a 4” octagon junction box installation possibilities.
It also includes photoelectric smoke and electrochemical CO sensors. So, no matter which Kidde CO fire alarm system you choose, safety is assured.
10. Manual Call Point Alarms
The purpose of Manual Call Point Alarms is to ensure a secure and safe environment at all times. These alarms are installed at every storey exit and each final exit as stipulated by BS 5839-1 guidelines.
Their placement should be visible yet protected from potential damage or tampering. One should position them between 0.4 and 1.7 meters from the floor according to BS 5839-1.
The location of the manual call point is crucial. It needs to be placed on the nearest wall to an exit, no more than 2 meters away from the exit point.
“The visibility of the manual call point is vital, especially if the final exit isn’t directly in sight. The alarm has to be seen from the direction of the exit.”
One can use these call points instead of automatic fire detection in small areas with low risk. They come in handy to reduce false alarms in high-risk areas.
However, they may not be suitable for areas that are not frequently occupied or where occupants may be unaware of their presence.
BS 5839-1 advises a weekly test regimen for manual call points. An individual competent in this field should conduct these tests strictly following manufacturer’s instructions.
Good housekeeping involves keeping records of testing and maintenance, and ensuring regular cleaning of manual call points to prevent dust accumulation.
As per BS 5839-1, replacement of manual call point alarms is advised every five years or as recommended by the manufacturer, promoting longevity and effectiveness.
Alarming Choices
There are many effective fire alarm systems available, each catering to different needs and environments. Whether it’s conventional, addressable, wireless, or multi-sensor systems, each type offers distinctive perks. Smart alarms provide convenience with IoT integration, while aspirating and beam detectors offer comprehensive protection. Stand-alone and video alarm systems provide cost-effective options.
